The syllabus says
Addressing imbalances
- Evaluate the relative importance of food aid, free trade and fair trade in alleviating food shortages.
KEY TERMS
Food sovereignty - the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems. (Accepted definition, sourced from Food Secure Canada in this instance.)
An excellent discussion document, though very high level, is from the FAO here http://www.fao.org/3/a-ax736e.pdf which outlines the ambiguous nature of some of these key terms and gives the reasons why they vary.
An excellent discussion document, though very high level, is from the FAO here http://www.fao.org/3/a-ax736e.pdf which outlines the ambiguous nature of some of these key terms and gives the reasons why they vary.
Alleviating food shortages
Synthesis in action
The following article argues that two issues studied in the earlier sections of the course (Core 2) about unfair trade and land ownership that are potential causes of food shortage.
https://www.opendemocracy.net/ian-fitzpatrick/to-address-global-food-crisis-we-have-to-address-power-of-big-agribusiness
The remaining sections of this page detail websites about the three specific ways of reducing food shortages mentioned in the syllabus, but others exist such as:
The following article argues that two issues studied in the earlier sections of the course (Core 2) about unfair trade and land ownership that are potential causes of food shortage.
https://www.opendemocracy.net/ian-fitzpatrick/to-address-global-food-crisis-we-have-to-address-power-of-big-agribusiness
The remaining sections of this page detail websites about the three specific ways of reducing food shortages mentioned in the syllabus, but others exist such as:
- Changing ownership of land to ensure farmers have autonomy over their production
- Educating farmers to ensure the benefits of the Green Revolution are filtered through to all farmers
- Reducing internal (within country) taxes on farming inputs e.g. labour, capital flows, fertilizer
- Increasing the availability of credit through micro-lending schemes such as Kiva and Grameen Bank so that farmers can develop their land and farming methods
- Ensuring supply lines are made more efficient
- Reducing corruption in the international food supply chain
- Working for a global partnership for development to reduce conflict
Method 1: Food AId
WORLDWIDE HOTSPOTS DEC 2015
http://www.fao.org/giews/English/hotspots/index.htm
EXAMPLE FROM SYRIA 2016
http://www.wfp.org/emergencies/syria
USAID IN GENERAL
https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/agriculture-and-food-security/food-assistance
USAID IN ETHEOPIA
https://www.usaid.gov/ethiopia/food-assistance
KENYA
https://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/lack-funds-forces-wfp-reduce-food-rations-again-refugees-kenya
http://www.feedthefuture.gov/country/kenya (MIGHT NOT BE THAT USEFUL)
http://www.fao.org/giews/English/hotspots/index.htm
EXAMPLE FROM SYRIA 2016
http://www.wfp.org/emergencies/syria
USAID IN GENERAL
https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/agriculture-and-food-security/food-assistance
USAID IN ETHEOPIA
https://www.usaid.gov/ethiopia/food-assistance
KENYA
https://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/lack-funds-forces-wfp-reduce-food-rations-again-refugees-kenya
http://www.feedthefuture.gov/country/kenya (MIGHT NOT BE THAT USEFUL)
Method 2: Free trade
VERY LENGTHY BUT WITH LOTS OF GOOD QUOTES E.G. P6, MAKES THE POINT THAT FREE MOVEMENT OF FOOD IS BETTER BECAUSE IT ALLOWS A STABLE SUPPLY WORLDWIDE COMPARED TO VOLATILITY OF A SINGLE COUNTRY
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2015/05/21/090224b0828d1761/1_0/Rendered/PDF/Trade0policy0a0of0high0World0prices.pdf
GOOD ARTICLE, LOTS OF LINKS
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/06/global-south-has-free-trade-to-thank-obesity-diabetes-epidemic
THOUGH ABOUT FAIR TRADE, STARTS WITH FREE TRADE
http://ppesydney.net/food-sovereignty-and-fair-trade-a-link-between-alternatives-to-the-neoliberal-food-regime/
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2015/05/21/090224b0828d1761/1_0/Rendered/PDF/Trade0policy0a0of0high0World0prices.pdf
GOOD ARTICLE, LOTS OF LINKS
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/apr/06/global-south-has-free-trade-to-thank-obesity-diabetes-epidemic
THOUGH ABOUT FAIR TRADE, STARTS WITH FREE TRADE
http://ppesydney.net/food-sovereignty-and-fair-trade-a-link-between-alternatives-to-the-neoliberal-food-regime/
Method 3: Fair trade
The example of the Windward Islands from Core 2 shows how fair trade can reduce disparities on a wider scale, but it doesn't explain how fair trade can directly reduce food shortages.
RECENT INFORMATION FROM FAIR TRADE FORTNIGHT 2016
http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/en/get-involved/current-campaigns/fairtrade-fortnight-2016/fairtrade-fortnight-2016-faqs
AND
http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/en/media-centre/news/february-2016/lean-times-for-the-farmers-who-grow-our-breakfasts
WIDER ISSUES OF FAIR TRADE IN THE FOOD CRISIS - FROM FEB 2009
http://www.fairtrade.org.za/uploads/files/Research/Research_papers/2009_Feb_The_global_Food_Crisis_and_FT.pdf
REDUCING POVERTY = SUSTAINABLE PURCHASE OF FOOD
https://www.fairtrade.org.uk/~/media/fairtradeuk/what%20is%20fairtrade/documents/fairtrade%20and%20sustainability/fairtrade%20and%20sustainability%20%20standard%20of%20living%20income%20and%20food%20security.ashx
RECENT INFORMATION FROM FAIR TRADE FORTNIGHT 2016
http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/en/get-involved/current-campaigns/fairtrade-fortnight-2016/fairtrade-fortnight-2016-faqs
AND
http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/en/media-centre/news/february-2016/lean-times-for-the-farmers-who-grow-our-breakfasts
WIDER ISSUES OF FAIR TRADE IN THE FOOD CRISIS - FROM FEB 2009
http://www.fairtrade.org.za/uploads/files/Research/Research_papers/2009_Feb_The_global_Food_Crisis_and_FT.pdf
REDUCING POVERTY = SUSTAINABLE PURCHASE OF FOOD
https://www.fairtrade.org.uk/~/media/fairtradeuk/what%20is%20fairtrade/documents/fairtrade%20and%20sustainability/fairtrade%20and%20sustainability%20%20standard%20of%20living%20income%20and%20food%20security.ashx